Data in quantum computers are represented by qubits - elementary units of quantum information.
Data in quantum computers are represented by qubits - elementary units of quantum information.
Unlike classical bits, each qubit can be in a superposition of base states 0 and 1, meaning that only by measuring it will a specific binary value be determined. Another property of quantum systems is the ability to create entanglement between multiple qubits, making it possible to increase the computational space exponentially.
The base states |0〉and |1〉can be represented as two-dimensional vectors in a two-dimensional space. They are customarily denoted as:
and are the orthonormal basis vectors of the Hilbert space.
A single cubit |ψ〉 can be a composite of base states |0〉and |1〉:
Where α and β are the complex amplitudes of the individual states. The normalization condition applies to them:
